Enzymology

By Dr. Bashir Ahmad Ganai | University of Kashmir, Srinagar

Learners enrolled: 1121

Hello friends and welcome to MOOC in Enzymology.

Enzymology is a specialized branch of life sciences that deals with the biochemical nature and activity of enzymes and is a subject that has relevance to students from a wide range of disciplines. In addition, it will serve as an individual reference for students pursuing their undergraduate/ post graduate degree programmes in life sciences and it could be recommended to anyone wishing to get an idea of the present day scope and applications of enzymology. The present course opens the door to all of the abundant careers in and out of the area of biological sciences including health/ medical / Environmental Sciences. The course is designed to give students an understanding of procedures involved in purification of enzymes, enzymes assays and quantitative evaluation of the influencing parameters such as concentrations of substrate / enzyme, pH, temperature and effects of inhibitors on enzyme activity.

This is a course where the topics to be studied include enzyme active sites / mechanisms of enzyme action; enzyme kinetics and regulation; collision and transition state theories; Isozymes and their clinical significances /protein folding / site-directed mutagenesis and molecular structure/ function relationship etc as tools for understanding functions of enzymes. This course is rich in pedagogical features like short answer type questions / self explanatory illustrations, MCQs etc. which help students to evaluate themselves and improve upon.

This course is fundamental to the acquisition of competencies to solve problems which impact daily life e.g., health and environment and also students should acquire skills to initiate a research or industrial career (food, pharmaceutics or biotechnology) in the country or abroad. The main goal of this course is to prepare students for critical analysis of scientific phenomena involving enzymes and competently work with enzyme systems in both academia and industry.

Hence, the programme is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to explore the central questions in basic and applied biology.

Hope that the students belonging to all the fields of life sciences may take this as a course of study in their undergraduate and post graduate programs. All the best---

Summary

Course Status :	Completed
Course Type :	Core
Language for course content :	English
Duration :	12 weeks
Category :	Biological Sciences & Bioengineering
Credit Points :	4
Level :	Undergraduate
Start Date :	17 Jan 2022
End Date :	26 Mar 2022
Enrollment Ends :	28 Feb 2022
Exam Date :

Page Visits

Course layout

Week 1
Enzymes

Nomenclature and classification of enzymes Holoenzyme, apoenzyme , cofactors, coenzyme, prosthetic groups ,metallo enzymes, monomeric and oligomeric enzymes Activation energy and transition state theory, enzyme activity, specific activity, common features of active sites, enzyme specificity: types and theories Factors affecting enzyme activity, E, S, temp and pH

Week 2
Role of NAD+ NADP+, Folic acid and Vit., B12 as biocatalysts

FMN/FAD, Coenzyme A, Lipoic acid, biotin, tetrahydrofolate

and metal ions as biocatalysts

Role of thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate as biocatalysts

Biocatalysts from extreme thermophillic and hyperthermophilic archea and bacteria

Week 3 :
Enzyme substrate complex: Concept of E-S complex,

binding sites, active site, specificity, kinetics of enzyme activity

Michaelis- Menten equation and its derivation

Different plots for the determination of KM and Vmax

and their physiological significance

Two substrate reactions (random, ordered and ping pong mechanisms), enzyme inhibition, types of inhibition, determination of Ki, suicide inhibitor

Week 4 :
Qualitative description of concerted and sequential models

Negative cooperativity

Half site reactivity

Enzyme regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control,

covalent modification

Week 5 :
Enzyme- enzyme interaction , protein ligand binding

Measurement analysis of binding isotherm, cooperativity, Hill

and Scatchard plots

Kinetics of allosteric enzymes

Allosteric enzymes with special reference to aspartate transcarbomylase and posphofructokinase

Week 6 :
Mechanism of enzyme action, general mechanistic principle

Techniques for studying mechanism of action

Factors associated with catalytic efficiency, proximity, orientation and distortion of strain

Collision and transition state theories, significance of activation energy and free energy

Acid base. Nucleophilic and covalent catalysis

Week 7 :
Isolation, crystallization and purification of enzymes

Test of homogeneity of enzyme preparation, methods of enzyme analysis

Detailed view of techniques for studying Enzyme assay

Chemical modification of active site groups, chymotrypsin, Lysozyme, RNase, Carboxypeptidase, GPDH, Aldolase, alcohol dehydrogenase 5 Subjective

Week 8 :
Zymogens and their activation (proteaseses and prothrombin)

Isozymes :Multiple forms of enzymes with special reference to

lactate dehydrogenase

Multienzyme complexes, Ribozymes

Multifunctional enzymes e.g., fatty acid synthase

Week 9

Enzyme technology: Methods for large scale production of enzymes, immobilized enzymes and their comparison with soluble enzymes

Methods of immobilization of enzymes, immobilized enzyme reactors

Application of immobilized and soluble enzymesin health and industry, application to fundamental studies of biochemistry, enzyme electrodes

Thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of enzyme, site directed mutagenesis and enzyme engineering-selected examples 5 Subjective

Week 10 :
Delivery system for protein pharmaceuticals, structure function relationship in enzymes, structural motifs and enzyme evolution

Methods of protein sequencing

Methods for analysis of secondary and tertiary structure of enzymes

Protein folding in vitro and in vivo

Books and references

• “Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry” by Palmer T and P L Bonner

• Applications of Enzyme Biotechnology byKelly, Jeffrey W., Baldwin, Thomas O. (Eds.)

• Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson & Michael M. Cox

• Nature of Enzymes by L. Foster

• 4. Keith Wilson and John Walker.2006.Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6th edition .Cambridge University Press New York,pp.571-594

• Lubert Stryer.2007. Biochemistry 6th Edition W.H. Freeman, and Company. New York

• Enzymology by Price

• Internet sources.

Instructor bio

Dr. Bashir Ahmad Ganai

University of Kashmir, Srinagar

Prof. B. A. Ganai is currently working as a Director; Centre of Research for Development (CORD).Professor Ganai has a significant teaching record of 24 years teaching experience helping to various Science Departments of Kashmir University and other Sister Universities of the U.T, especially in the field of Protein biochemistry/ molecular biology/Enzymology. He has been awarded best teacher Award number of times. Professor Ganai has obtained several Gold Medals and 15 other Awards from different scientific bodies and has delivered a number of invited lectures and his lectures have been acclaimed by different Scientists /Academicians allover India and abroad. Bashir Ahmad Ganai has so far guided about 44 (Ph.D and M.Phil) students for completion of their Degrees. He has also guided about 64 M.Sc students for their Project works in the field of Biochemistry/ Clinical Biochemistry/ Environmental Sciences. Dr. Ganai is helping to other Departments of life sciences as a co guide of their Ph.D Students. Professor Ganai has written about 12 books in lucid and simple language catering the needs of students from Biochemistry and Disciplines.

Professor Ganai is the Pioneer Researcher of the U.T and has published so far 200 Research papers of both national and international repute. Some publications with good impact papers in the Journals like Genes, plos one, RSC, phytochemistry, tumor biology, European journal of cancer prevention, phytomedicine, Asian pacific Journal of cancer prevention, Microbial Research Steroids, Pakistan Journal of pharmacy, Natural product Research etc have been cited high. Dr. Ganai has handled a number of research projects from different funding agencies. Dr. Ganai has an expertise in Isolation and Characterization of various enzymes and bioactive metabolites and their validation for activities like anti diabetic, anticancer, anti arthritic activities, anti microbial and other biological activities. Dr. Ganai has chaired a numbers of scientific sessions in both national and international conferences. Dr Ganai is Reviewer of various journals and Editor of few Journals. Dr. Ganai has conducted a number of research methodology Programmes through Academic Staff College of the University and has produced MOOCS on Molecular Biology and e - contents on Biomedical Science through EMRC, University of Kashmir.