Enzymology

By Prof. Bashir Ahmad Ganai | Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir

Learners enrolled: 481

Hello friends and welcome to MOOC in Enzymology.

Enzymology is a specialized branch of life sciences that deals with the biochemical nature and activity of enzymes and is a subject that has relevance to students from a wide range of disciplines. In addition, it will serve as an individual reference for students pursuing their undergraduate/ post graduate degree programmes in life sciences and it could be recommended to anyone wishing to get an idea of the present day scope and applications of enzymology. The present course opens the door to all of the abundant careers in and out of the area of biological sciences including health/ medical / Environmental Sciences. The course is designed to give students an understanding of procedures involved in purification of enzymes, enzymes assays and quantitative evaluation of the influencing parameters such as concentrations of substrate / enzyme, pH, temperature and effects of inhibitors on enzyme activity.

This is a course where the topics to be studied include enzyme active sites / mechanisms of enzyme action; enzyme kinetics and regulation; collision and transition state theories; Isozymes and their clinical significances /protein folding / site-directed mutagenesis and molecular structure/ function relationship etc as tools for understanding functions of enzymes. This course is rich in pedagogical features like short answer type questions / self explanatory illustrations, MCQs etc. which help students to evaluate themselves and improve upon.

This course is fundamental to the acquisition of competencies to solve problems which impact daily life e.g., health and environment and also students should acquire skills to initiate a research or industrial career (food, pharmaceutics or biotechnology) in the country or abroad. The main goal of this course is to prepare students for critical analysis of scientific phenomena involving enzymes and competently work with enzyme systems in both academia and industry.

Hence, the programme is designed to provide students with the knowledge and skills they need to explore the central questions in basic and applied biology.

Hope that the students belonging to all the fields of life sciences may take this as a course of study in their undergraduate and post graduate programs. All the best---

Summary

Course Status :	Upcoming
Course Type :	Core
Language for course content :	English
Duration :	12 weeks
Category :	Zoology
Credit Points :	4
Level :	Undergraduate
Start Date :	06 Jan 2025
End Date :	30 Apr 2025
Enrollment Ends :	28 Feb 2025
Exam Date :	25 May 2025 IST
NCrF Level	5.0
Shift :	I

Note: This exam date is subject to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.

Page Visits

Course layout

Week 1
Enzymes

Nomenclature and classification of enzymes Holoenzyme, apoenzyme , cofactors, coenzyme, prosthetic groups ,metallo enzymes, monomeric and oligomeric enzymes Activation energy and transition state theory, enzyme activity, specific activity, common features of active sites, enzyme specificity: types and theories Factors affecting enzyme activity, E, S, temp and pH

Week 2
Role of NAD+ NADP+, Folic acid and Vit., B12 as biocatalysts

FMN/FAD, Coenzyme A, Lipoic acid, biotin, tetrahydrofolate

and metal ions as biocatalysts

Role of thiamine pyrophosphate, pyridoxal phosphate as biocatalysts

Biocatalysts from extreme thermophillic and hyperthermophilic archea and bacteria

Week 3
Enzyme substrate complex: Concept of E-S complex,

binding sites, active site, specificity, kinetics of enzyme activity

Michaelis- Menten equation and its derivation

Different plots for the determination of KM and Vmax

and their physiological significance

Two substrate reactions (random, ordered and ping pong mechanisms), enzyme inhibition, types of inhibition, determination of Ki, suicide inhibitor

Week 4
Qualitative description of concerted and sequential models

Negative cooperativity

Half site reactivity

Enzyme regulation: Product inhibition, feedback control,

covalent modification

Week 5
Enzyme- enzyme interaction , protein ligand binding

Measurement analysis of binding isotherm, cooperativity, Hill

and Scatchard plots

Kinetics of allosteric enzymes

Allosteric enzymes with special reference to aspartate transcarbomylase and posphofructokinase

Week 6
Mechanism of enzyme action, general mechanistic principle

Techniques for studying mechanism of action

Factors associated with catalytic efficiency, proximity, orientation and distortion of strain

Collision and transition state theories, significance of activation energy and free energy

Acid base. Nucleophilic and covalent catalysis

Week 7
Isolation, crystallization and purification of enzymes

Test of homogeneity of enzyme preparation, methods of enzyme analysis

Detailed view of techniques for studying Enzyme assay

Chemical modification of active site groups, chymotrypsin, Lysozyme, RNase, Carboxypeptidase, GPDH, Aldolase, alcohol dehydrogenase 5 Subjective

Week 8
Zymogens and their activation (proteaseses and prothrombin)

Isozymes :Multiple forms of enzymes with special reference to

lactate dehydrogenase

Multienzyme complexes, Ribozymes

Multifunctional enzymes e.g., fatty acid synthase

Week 9

Enzyme technology: Methods for large scale production of enzymes, immobilized enzymes and their comparison with soluble enzymes

Methods of immobilization of enzymes, immobilized enzyme reactors

Application of immobilized and soluble enzymesin health and industry, application to fundamental studies of biochemistry, enzyme electrodes

Thermal stability and catalytic efficiency of enzyme, site directed mutagenesis and enzyme engineering-selected examples 5 Subjective

Week 10
Delivery system for protein pharmaceuticals, structure function relationship in enzymes, structural motifs and enzyme evolution

Methods of protein sequencing

Methods for analysis of secondary and tertiary structure of enzymes

Protein folding in vitro and in vivo

Books and references

• “Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Clinical Chemistry” by Palmer T and P L Bonner

• Applications of Enzyme Biotechnology byKelly, Jeffrey W., Baldwin, Thomas O. (Eds.)

• Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry by David L. Nelson & Michael M. Cox

• Nature of Enzymes by L. Foster

• 4. Keith Wilson and John Walker.2006.Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 6th edition .Cambridge University Press New York,pp.571-594

• Lubert Stryer.2007. Biochemistry 6th Edition W.H. Freeman, and Company. New York

• Enzymology by Price

• Internet sources.

Instructor bio

Prof. Bashir Ahmad Ganai

Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir

Prof. B. A. Ganai born on 4th February 1966 in Kathairgund Chadoora, District Budgam, J&K did his M.Sc (1988), M.Phil and Ph.D Biochemistry from University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Qualified (CSIR-UGC) NET/JRF/SRF in the year 1989. He is a Professor of Biochemistry in Centre of Research for Development (CORD) & former Head, Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar and Director North Campus. At present Dean Unani and Ayurvedic Medicines, University of Kashmir. Professor Ganai has a significant teaching record of more than 27 years in various Science Departments of Kashmir University and other sister Universities of the UT especially in the field of Protein biochemistry/molecular Biology/Analytical Instrumentation/Enzymology. He has been awarded best teacher Award a number of times as per students’ feedback with consistent record of more than 92% (Outstanding) rank. Professor Ganai has obtained so far number of Awards from different scientific bodies and has delivered a good number of invited lectures related to his Research fields and societal problems in a number of forums. Bashir Ahmad Ganai has so far guided about 63 PhD and 30 MPhil students. He has also guided about 80 M.Sc students for their Project works in the field of Biochemistry/Clinical biochemistry, Environmental Sciences. Professor Ganai has written about 12 books in lucid and simple language in order to provide help to the students of Biochemistry and students from other disciplines. Professor Ganai is the active researcher of the UT and has published so far more than 300 Research items in journals of both national and international repute. Dr. Ganai has an expertise in isolation and characterization of various enzymes and bioactive principles and validation of their activities like anti diabetic, anticancer, anti arthritic activities, anti -microbial and other biological activities. Some publications with good impact papers in the Journals like Scientific Report, Gene, Gene reports, Chemosphere, Environmental Research, PloS one, RSC, Phytochemistry, Tumor biology, European Journal of Cancer Prevention, Phytomedicine, Microbial pathogenesis, Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, Steroids, Natural product Research, plants, Frontiers in plants science, Frontiers in Microbiology, Microbial Genetics etc., have been highly cited. Dr. Ganai has handled a number of research projects from different funding agencies. Prof. Ganai is a member of various committees like BORS, BOSE, Central Administrative Affairs Committee (CAAC), Technical and Purchase committees, Grievances committees, Observer of variousa Departmental Research Committees as V.C’s nominee, member of Ecology and Environment Govt., of JK UT, member of Intuitional Ethical Committee SKIMS and GMC Baramulla etc.

Course certificate

30 Marks will be allocated for Internal Assessment and 70 Marks will be allocated for end term proctored examination Securing 40% in both separately is mandatory to pass the course and get Credit Certificate.

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