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Embryology of Angiosperms

By Prof. Manzoor A Shah   |   Department of Botany, University of Kashmir
Learners enrolled: 319
Embryology of angiosperms is a course which reflects the various events which are met in during the sexual reproduction of angiosperm plants. This course maps the sequence of all important developmental events such as flower formation, development of male and female gametophyte, pollination, pollen-pistil interaction, double fertilization, endosperm development, embryo development, seed and fruit formation, seed dispersal and seed dormancy. This course encompasses all these above mentioned topics which string together into a story explaining  how angiosperms bring about the formation of sexual off-springs and how the gametophytic and sporophytic generations alternate in them.
Summary
Course Status : Upcoming
Course Type : Core
Language for course content : English
Duration : 8 weeks
Category :
  • Botany
Credit Points : 2
Level : Undergraduate
Start Date : 05 Jan 2026
End Date : 30 Apr 2026
Enrollment Ends : 28 Feb 2026
Exam Date :
Translation Languages : English
NCrF Level   : 5.5

Page Visits



Course layout

WEEK I
1. Development of Flower as a Modified Shoot
2. Structure of Flower & its Variations
3. Structure of Stamen & Male Gametophyte 
4. Structure of Carpel & Female Gametophyte 

WEEK II
5. Angiospermic Ovule: Structure & Types
6. Types of Female Gametophyte in Angiosperms 
7. Pollination: its Types & Floral Adaptations to them
8. Pollinators: Attractions & Rewards for them

WEEK III
9. Co-evolution of Flowers & Insects
10. Sexual Incompatibility 
11. Pollen Pistil Interactions               
12. Double Fertilization: Process, Mechanism & Significance 

WEEK IV
13. Endosperm: Development, Structure & Types
14. Embryogenesis: Development of embryo in monocots and dicots
15. Seed: A unit of genetic recombination and replenishment
16. Structure of Angiosperm: Seed & Embryo 

WEEK V
17. Fruit Development & Maturation 
18. Evolution of Fruits & Seeds in Relation to their Dispersal Agents 
19. Seed Dormancy (Types) & Seed Germination
20. Vegetative propagation: natural means and methods

WEEK VI
21. Vegetative propagation: Artificial Methods and their economic values

Books and references

1. Bhojwani, S.S. and Bhatnagar, S.P. (2011). The Embryology of Angiosperms, Vikas Publishing  House. Delhi. 5th edition. 

2. Johri, B.M. l (1984). Embryology of 

Angiosperms, Springer-Verlag, Netherlands.

3. Maheshwari, P. 1950. An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. Mc Graw Hill, New York. 

4. Pandey, B.P. (2010). Modern practical botany volume II.S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi.

5. Pandey, B.P. (2001). Plant Anatomy. S. Chand and Company, New Delhi. 

6. Pandey, S.N. and Chadha. 1996. Embryology. Vikas Publishing house, New Delhi. 

7. Raghavan, V. (2000). Developmental 

Biology of Flowering plants, Springer, Netherlands. 

8. Shivanna, K.R. (2003). Pollen Biology and 

Biotechnology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.  Ltd. Delhi. 

9. Singh, V., Pande, P. C. and Jain, D.K. 2010. Structure, Development and Reproduction in Angiosperms. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.


Instructor bio

Prof. Manzoor A Shah

Department of Botany, University of Kashmir

Prof. M. A. Shah currently works as Professor of Botany at University of Kashmir. Prof. Shah, a Best Teacher Awardee from University of Kashmir and ranked in the world’s top 2% most influential scientists by the Stanford, USA has been a faculty affiliate at the University of Montana, USA and a Visiting Professor at King Saud University, Riyadh. His basic research interests cross cut various aspects of plant ecology and evolution, biodiversity and Himalayan ecosystems. He has published two books and 130 high impact research papers and book chapters, in recognition of which he has been awarded a gold medal, several national and international fellowships and awards. He has been the Principal Investigator and Coordinator of 18 national and international research projects including an Indo-US, Indo-German and Indo-Canadian project. He is the member of various project advisory committees of Govt. of India including DBT, DST-SERB and MoEF&CC. He has delivered more than 90 invited lectures across the country and travelled quite widely to places such as USA, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Hungary, Saudi Arabia and France.  As Director of DIQA, he steered the University of Kashmir first from Grade A to A+ and then to A= to A++ by NAAC, which is also ranked in top 35 institutions of the country. He coordinates the highest research and innovation grant of the University under RUSA.

Course certificate

1. End-Term Examination:
Weightage: 70% of the final result
 Minimum Passing Criteria: 40%
2. Internal Assessment:
 Weightage: 30% of the final result
 Minimum Passing Criteria: 40%
Calculation of IA Marks:
Out of all graded weekly Assessments/Assignments, the top 50% of Assignments shall be considered for the calculation of the final Internal Assessment marks.
All students who obtain 40% marks in the internal Assessment and 40% marks in the end-term proctored exam separately will be eligible for the SWAYAM Credit Certificate.
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