Week 1: Plant Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition: Absorption, translocation and loss of water, regulation of opening and closing of stomata, Essential mineral elements and their classification, role of N and P in metabolism, deficiency symptoms and diseases in plants and their toxicity.
Week 2: Mineral Nutrition: Role of K, S, Mg, Ca, Si, Fe, Cl, Cu, Mn, B, Zn, Mo and Ni in metabolism, deficiency symptoms and diseases in plants and their toxicity.
Week 3: Nutrient Acquisition and Enzymology: Structure and composition of biological membranes; transport of solute across the membrane: passive transport (diffusion and facilitated diffusion) and active transport- primary active transport and secondary active transport- symport and antiport; membrane transport proteins (ion channels, transporters or carriers and pumps). Properties of enzymes, nomenclature and classification, mechanism of enzyme action, and factors affecting the activity of enzymes.
Week 4: Enzymology: Enzyme kinetics; Michaelis-Menten equation, Lineweaver Burk Plot, Hanes-Woolf Plot, significance of Km and Vmax, enzyme inhibition, and regulation of enzyme activity.
Week 5: Photosynthesis: Organization of photosynthetic apparatus, photosynthetic pigments, Absorption and action spectra, discovery of two photosystems and fate of light energy, light reactions of photosynthesis; Z-Scheme, ATP synthesis, inhibitors of PSII & PSI.
Week 6: Photosynthesis: Path of carbon in photosynthesis; Calvin-Benson Cycle and its regulation, role of Rubisco, photorespiration/Glycolate Pathway, Hatch-Slack pathway and its regulation; variation in C4 Cycle, Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) and its significance and factors affecting the photosynthesis.
Week 7: Respiration: Metabolic pathways; Glycolysis and its regulation, metabolism of pyruvate, TCA cycle and its regulation, mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory quotient and fermentation.
Week 8: Nitrogen Metabolism: Biological nitrogen fixation Symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nod genes, nod factor, Biochemistry of biological nitrogen fixation, nitrate assimilation, Nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase, Ammonia assimilation, GS-GOGAT, Alternative pathway, Transamination reaction and amino acid biosynthesis.
Week 9: Amino acid biosynthesis and Lipid Metabolism: Classification of amino acids, Properties of amino acids, Zwitter ion, Functions of amino acids, Biosynthesis of amino acids, General account of lipids, lipid metabolism, Role of lipids, Storage lipids, fatty acids and triacylglycerols-their structure and synthesis, Storage lipids.
Week 10: Membrane lipids, and their catabolism: Glycerolipids, Sphingolipids, Lipid biosynthesis, Condensation reaction, Termination of fatty acid synthesis,Biosynthesis of membrane lipids, Biosynthesis of storage lipids, Introduction of lipid catabolism, β-Oxidation of Fatty Acyl-CoA, Glyoxylate cycle, Gluconeogenesis, Catabolism of unsaturated fatty acids.
Week 11: Plant Growth Regulators: Biosynthesis, mechanism of action, signal transduction and Physiological roles of auxins, Cytokinins, Gibberellins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid, Brassinosteroids.
Week 12: Sensory Photobiology of Plants: Photochemical and biochemical properties of phytochromes, Photochemical and biochemical properties of cryptochromes and phototropins, Vernalization, Photoperiodism, Biological clock.
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