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Fundamentals of Geology

By Prof. Sayandeep Banerjee   |   Banaras Hindu University
Learners enrolled: 1101   |  Exam registration: 182
 ABOUT THE COURSE:
Geology, which means the study of the Earth, encompasses a variety of concepts in studying Earth processes and materials to understand our mother Earth. This course deals with the fundamental physical processes necessary for an understanding of Earth System Sciences and a variety of geological phenomena. Discussions on the origin of Earth and its place in space, formation and identification of minerals & rocks, various land and surface processes, volcanism, earthquakes and groundwater will be carried out. Additionally, a brief idea on the Economics of Earth Resources (like coal & petroleum) will be provided.
The course deals with the various concepts of Earth System Sciences to provide physics, chemistry, and engineering students with the geological background necessary to understand the significance of studying Earth processes and materials in understanding Earth. Since Earth System Science is a continuously evolving subject, this course may be subject to revision from time to time.
The contents of this course are intended to provide the material for a coherent one semester course. This course will primarily focus upon the basics and introductory level understanding of the subject.

TEACHING ASSISTANTS:
We have been assisted by Mr. Aishwarya Mohan and Mr. Ram Pratap Singh Tomar, Research Scholars of the Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, in the formulation, development and running of this course.

INTENDED AUDIENCE:
  • B.E. Civil Engineering & Mining Engineering/ B.Sc.
  • Geology/ M.Sc. or M.Sc.Tech or M.Tech in Geology, 
  • Applied Geology & Geophysics/ M.Sc. Marine Science/ B.Sc. or M.Sc. 
  • Environmental Sciences M.Sc. Soil Sciences/ B.A., B.Sc. or M.A. or M.Sc. Geography
      PREREQUISITES: This course is being taught to Undergraduate students primarily, hence a 10+2 degree is necessary

      INDUSTRY SUPPORT: Environmental management; Hydrocarbon Exploration and Mining Industries; Mineral Exploration; Ground water exploration and management; Construction of Dam, Tunnel, Bridge; Agriculture; Geo-heritage and Geo-Tourism; etc.

      Summary
      Course Status : Completed
      Course Type : Core
      Language for course content : English
      Duration : 12 weeks
      Category :
      • Earth Sciences
      Credit Points : 3
      Level : Undergraduate/Postgraduate
      Start Date : 22 Jul 2024
      End Date : 11 Oct 2024
      Enrollment Ends : 05 Aug 2024
      Exam Registration Ends : 16 Aug 2024
      Exam Date : 25 Oct 2024 IST
      ALERT ON EXAM DATE :

      Exam date is subject to change.

      Note: This exam date is subject to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.

      Page Visits



      Course layout

      Week 1: Origin and the History of the Earth

                 1. Origin of the Universe
                 2. Origin of the Solar System – (Part 1)
                 3. Origin of the Solar System – (Part 2)
                 4. Geological Time Scale – (Part 1)
                 5. Geological Time Scale – (Part 2)

      Week 2: Plate Tectonics and Orogeny

                 6. Continental Drift 
                 7. Plate Tectonics – (Part 1)  
                 8. Plate Tectonics – (Part 2)
                 9. Orogenic Cycles
            
      Week 3: Structure and Formation of Minerals

                  10. Crystallography - (Part 1)
                  11. Crystallography– (Part 2)
                  12. Crystallography– (Part 3)
                  13. Formation of Minerals

      Week 4: Classification & Identification of Minerals and Mineral Chemistry 

                  14. Classification of Minerals 
                  15. Identification of Minerals – (Part 1)
                  16. Identification of Minerals – (Part 2)
                  17. Optical Mineralogy
                  18. Mineral Chemistry

      Week 5:  Introduction to Rock Cycle, Igneous Rocks and Sedimentary rocks 

                   19. Rocks and Rock Cycle
                   20. Igneous Rocks
                   21. Igneous Textures 
                   22. Sedimentary Rocks 
                   23. Sedimentary Textures and Classification
                   24. Sedimentary Structures

      Week 6:  Metamorphic Rocks and Deformation of Rocks 

                   25. Metamorphic Rocks
                   26. Metamorphic Facies
                   27. Metamorphic Textures
                   28. Rock Deformation
                   29. Ductile Structures
                   30. Brittle Structures

      Week 7: Volcanic Processes, Earthquake, and Seismology

                   31. Volcanism 
                   32. Volcanic Activity 
                   33. Earthquake 
                   34. Earthquake Related Damages
                   35. Earthquake Seismology

      Week 8: Weathering, Erosion, and Landforms related to Gravity and River

                    36. Weathering and Erosion 
                    37. Mass Wasting 
                    38. Streams and Rivers – (Part 1) 
                    39. Streams and Rivers – (Part 2)
                    40. Streams and Rivers – (Part 3)

      Week 9: Aeolian, Glacial, Coastal Processes and Landforms

                    41. Aeolian/ Wind
                    42. Glaciers – (Part 1) 
                    43. Glaciers – (Part 2)
                    44. Coastal Landforms

      Week 10: Groundwater, Karst Topography, and Pedology

                    45. Groundwater – (Part 1)
                    46. Groundwater – (Part 2)
                    47. Groundwater – (Part 3)
                    48. Karst Topography 
                    49. Soil 
                    50. Soil Profile

      Week 11: Economic Geology & Processes, and Engineering Geology

                    51. Economic Processes 
                    52. Coal Geology
                    53. Petroleum Geology
                    54. Engineering Geology – (Part 1) 
                    55. Engineering Geology – (Part 2)

      Week 12: Principles of Stratigraphy, Paleontology, and Bibliography

                   56. Principles of Stratigraphy – (Part 1)
                   57. Principles of Stratigraphy – (Part 2)
                   58. Paleontology – (Part 1) 
                   59. Paleontology – (Part 2)
                   60. Mass Extinction Events 
                   61. Bibliography

      Books and references

      • Bell, F. G. (2019). Fundamentals of Engineering Geology. 
      • Boggs, Sam Jr. (2009). Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Cambridge University Press.
      • Boggs, Sam Jr. (2009). Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks. Cambridge University Press.
      • Bose, Mihir K. (1997). Igneous Petrology. World Press Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata.
      • Condie, Kent C. (1997). Plate Tectonics and Crustal Evolution. Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
      • Duggal, S. K., Pandey, H. K., Rawal, N. (). Engineering Geology. Mc Graw Hill Publication.
      • Evans, Anthony M. (2013). Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals. Wiley.
      • Ford, W. E. (2006) Danas Textbook of Mineralogy. CBS Publication.
      • Fossen, H. (2016). Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press.
      • Frost, B. R., Frost, C. D. (2014). Essentials of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.
      • Ghosh, S. K. (1993). Structural Geology: Fundamentals and Modern Developments. Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
      • Grotzinger, J., Jordan, T. H., Press, F., & Siever, R. (2010). Understanding Earth. Macmillan Higher Education.
      • Holmes, Arthur (1992). Principles of Physical Geology, Vol. 1, Chapman and Hall, London.
      • Jensen, M. L., Bateman, A. M. (1981). Economic Mineral Deposits. Wiley.
      • Karanth, K. R. (1987). Ground Water Assessment, Development and Management. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.
      • Klein, C., Hurlbut, C. S., Jr. (1993). Manual of Mineralogy. Wiley’ Sons Inc.
      • Lemon, Roy R. (1990). Principles of Stratigraphy. Merrill Publishing Company.
      • MacKenzie, W. S., Adams, A. E., Brodie, K. H. (2017). Rocks and Minerals in Thin Section. CRC Press.
      • Nesse, W. D. (2000) Introduction to Mineralogy. Oxford University Press, New York.
      • Perkins, D. (2015) Mineralogy. Pearson Education India.
      • Prasad, U. (2005). Economic Geology. CBS Publishers & Distributors.
      • Ramakrishnan M., Vaidyanadhan, R. (2008). Geology of India Vol. 1 and 2. Geological Society of India.
      • Ramsay, J. G. (1967). Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw-Hill.
      • Raup, D. M., Stanley, S. M. (1985). Principles of Paleontology. CBS Publishers.
      • Ray, Anis K. (2008). Fossils in Earth Sciences. PHI Learning.
      • Selley, Richard C. (2022). Elements of Petroleum Geology. Elsevier Science.
      • Sengupta, S. M. (1994). Introduction to Sedimentology. Taylor & Francis.
      • Sharma, Ram S. (2016). Metamorphic Petrology: Concepts and Methods. Geological Society of India.
      • Singh, S. (1998). Geomorphology. Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
      • Singh, S. (2003): Physical Geography. (English and Hindi editions.). Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad
      • Skinner, B. J., Porter S. C. (1987). Physical Geology. Wiley’ Sons Inc.
      • Spohn, T., Breuer, D., Johnson, T. V. (2014). Encyclopedia of the Solar System. Elsevier Science.
      • Thomas, L. (2012). Coal Geology. Wiley.
      • Todd, David K. (1980). Groundwater Hydrology. Wiley.
      • Valdiya, K. S. (2015). The Making of India. Springer International Publishing.
      • Winter, John D. (2014). Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Pearson Education Ltd.
      • Yardley, B., Warren, C. (2021). An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology. Cambridge University Press.

      Instructor bio

      Prof. Sayandeep Banerjee

      Banaras Hindu University
      Prof. Sayandeep Banerjee is an Assistant Professor of Structural Geology and Tectonics in the Department of Geology of the Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. He is also a young associate of the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore, recipient of Prof. K Naha Award for his contributions in Structural Geology and Tectonics conferred by the Geological Society of India among several other National and International recognitions. Prof. Banerjee teaches Structural Geology, Crystallography and Geotectonics at UG and PG levels. He leads the Laboratory for the Analysis of Magnetic and Petrofabric (LAMP-BHU) in BHU, Varanasi. His main research focuses on Structural Geology, Precambrian Tectonics, Rheology of partially molten rock, Kinematics of rock deformation, Crystallography and Tectonic Geomorphology.

      Course certificate

      The course is free to enroll and learn from. But if you want a certificate, you have to register and write the proctored exam conducted by us in person at any of the designated exam centers.
      The exam is optional for a fee of Rs 1000/- (Rupees one thousand only).
      Date and Time of Exams: 25 October 2024 Morning session 9am to 12 noon; Afternoon Session 2pm to 5pm.
      Registration URL: Announcements will be made when the registration form is open for registrations.
      The online registration form has to be filled and the certification exam fee needs to be paid. More details will be made available when the exam registration form is published. If there are any changes, it will be mentioned then.
      Please check the form for more details on the cities where the exams will be held, the conditions you agree to when you fill the form etc.

      CRITERIA TO GET A CERTIFICATE

      Average assignment score = 25% of average of best 8 assignments out of the total 12 assignments given in the course.

      Exam score = 75% of the proctored certification exam score out of 100

      Final score = Average assignment score + Exam score

      YOU WILL BE ELIGIBLE FOR A CERTIFICATE ONLY IF AVERAGE ASSIGNMENT SCORE >=10/25 AND EXAM SCORE >= 30/75. If one of the 2 criteria is not met, you will not get the certificate even if the Final score >= 40/100.

      Certificate will have your name, photograph and the score in the final exam with the breakup. It will have the logos of BHU and INI.

      Only the e-certificate will be made available. Hard copies will not be dispatched.

      Once again, thanks for your interest in our online courses and certification. Happy learning.

      - INI team


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